Karmas and Birth
It is common nowadays to hear it said that the Puranas are very unreliable scriptures and that they indulge in unlimited exaggeration about very many things. These critics say that the Puranas contain gross overstatements and preposterously puerile attempts to cajole or to cow down the reader with citations like the grandiose descriptions of heavenly regions and their joys as also of the awful pictures of hell fires and its torments. To criticise a subject requires very little wit or wisdom. For simple and direct condemnation without caring to consider the pros and cons of a matter is the inborn nature of the human mind. But even to these biased ones a little thoughtful consideration will forthwith reveal that the sagely writers of the Puranas had a special purpose in writing certain thing in the manner they did. They deliberately emphasised and laid particular stress upon some subjects with a definite end in view. Underneath this graphic and detailed descriptions of the Karmas and their consequences there is a shrewd psychology and insight being put to make a practical purpose.
(From Garuda Purana)
The murderer of a Brahmin is born as a consumptive, the killer of a cow becomes hump backed and imbecile, the murderer of a virgin becomes leprous.
The slayer of a woman and the destroyer of embryos becomes a savage full of diseases; who commits illicit intercourse becomes eunuch, who goes with his teacher’s wife is born diseased-skinned.
The eater of flesh becomes very red; the drinker of intoxicants is born with discoloured teeth; the Brahmin, who, on account of greed, eats what should not be eaten, becomes big-bellied.
He who eats sweet foods without giving to others, becomes swollen-necked; who gives impure food at a Sraaddha Ceremony is born a spotted leper.
The man, who, through pride, insults his teacher, becomes an epileptic; who despises the Vedas and the holy scriptures becomes jaundiced.
Who bears false witness becomes dumb; who takes meal separately from company-row becomes one-eyed; one who upsets a marriage-match becomes lipless; who steals a book is born blind.
Who strikes a cow or a Brahmin with his foot is born lame and deformed; who speaks lies becomes a stammerer; who listens to lies becomes deaf.
A poisoner becomes insane; an incendiary becomes bald; who sells flesh becomes the most unfortunate and unlucky; who eats flesh of other beings becomes diseased.
Who steals jewels is born in a low caste; who steals gold gets diseased nails; who steals any metal becomes poverty-stricken.
Who steals food becomes a rat; who steals grains becomes a locust who steals water becomes a Chataka bird; who steals poison becomes a scorpion.
Who steals vegetables and leaves becomes a peacock; who steals perfumes becomes a musk-rat; who steals honey becomes a gad-fly; who steals flesh becomes a vulture; who steals salt becomes an ant.
Who steals betel, fruits and flowers becomes a forest-monkey; who steals shoes, grass and cotton is born in sheep’s womb.
Who lives by violence, who robs caravans on the road, and who is fond of hunting becomes a goat in a butcher’s house.
Who dies by drinking poison becomes a black serpent on a mountain; whose nature is unrestrained becomes an elephant in a desolate forest.
Those twice-born ones who do not make offerings to the Great Lord and who eat all sorts of foods without hesitation and consideration, become wild tigers in a desolate forest.
The Brahmin who does not recite the Gayatri, who does not meditate at twilight, who is inwardly wicked while outwardly pious, becomes a crane.
The Brahmin who officiates for one who is unfit to perform sacrifices becomes a village-dog, and by too many sacrifices becomes an ass; by eating without the thought of God he becomes a crow.
The twice-born who does not impart learning to the deserving becomes a bull; the pupil who does not serve his teacher becomes an animal, an ass or a crow.
Who threatens and spits at his teacher, or browbeats a Brahmin, is born as a great dreadful fiend in a waterless wilderness.
Who does not give to a twice-born according to his promises, becomes a jackal; who is not hospitable to the good becomes a howling fire-faced devil.
Who deceives a friend becomes a mountain-vulture; who cheats in selling becomes an owl; who speaks ill of caste and religious order is born a pigeon in a wood.
Who destroys hope and who destroys affection, who, through dislike, abandons his wife, becomes a ruddy goose for a long time.
Who hates mother, father and teacher, who quarrels with sister and brother, is destroyed when being in embryo in the womb, even for a thousand births.
The woman who abuses her mother-in-law and father-in-law and causes constant quarrels, becomes a leech; she who scolds her husband becomes a louse.
Who, abandoning her own husband, runs after another man, becomes a flying fox, a house-lizard or a kind of female serpent.
He who cuts off his lineage by embracing a woman of his own family, having become a hyena and a porcupine, is born from the womb of a bear.
The lustful man who goes with a female ascetic becomes a desert fiend: who consorts with an immature girl becomes a huge snake in a wood.
Who covets his teacher’s wife becomes a chameleon; who tries to go with the king’s wife becomes badly corrupt in character; who goes with his friend’s wife becomes a donkey.
Who commits unnatural vice becomes a village pig; who consorts with a Sudra-woman becomes an ox; who is very passionate becomes a lustful horse.
Who eats the eleventh-day offerings of the dead is born a dog; the Brahmin who subsists upon the offerings made to an idol is born from the womb of a hen.
The wretch among the twice-born who worships the deities for the sake of wealth is destitute of peace and becomes a forest-bird.
Who takes away a plot of land which was given by himself or another, is born for sixty-thousand years as a worm in excrement.
All the creatures of low-births, trees and the like, having come back from hell, are born again in the human kingdom amongst low outcastes, and even there, by the stains of sin, become very miserable.
They become men and women with oozing leprosy, born-blind, infested with grievous maladies, and bearing the marks of sin.
He who, having become a king, does not give land to the twice-born, is reborn for many times as a beggar, without even a village-hut. The king who, through pride, does not make gifts of land, shall dwell in hell as long as the sun and the moon exist.
Karmas and Hells
(From Srimad Bhagavata)
There are varieties of hells that a Jiva has to experience in accordance with the Karmas which he does through sin and passion. Twenty-nine kinds of regions of suffering are described in the Bhagavata, when Jivas are said to be born due to their Karmas.
There is a place of suffering called Tamisra. Those people who lay hands on another’s wealth, children and wives are born in this region. The Jiva experiences there extreme pain being bound with mortal cords and violently hurled into the dark regions. He has no food or drink. He is beaten with clubs, and by holding out threats and being brought to a state of weary affliction, the Jiva drops down in a swoon.
There is another region called the Andha-tamisra (blinding darkness). Here Jivas are born who deceive husbands and appropriate to them selves their wives and other property. Such Jivas are cast down into this hell to suffer torments where they lose all understanding and sense through excessive pain. The Jiva suffers like a tree whose roots are cut.
Those who grossly identify themselves with this physical body and regard the wealth of the world as their own, fall into a hell called Raurava. Those people who torment people here on earth become subject to the torment of poisonous worms called Rurus in this dangerous region.
Maharaurava is of the same type. Those men who indulge in passions are eaten here by carnivorous (flesh-eating) animals.
In the hell called Kumbhipaka, dreadful fiends begin to boil in oil that cruel and merciless person who cooks and eats living animals, birds and the like.
He is thrown into a hell called Kalasutra who insults spiritual men, Brahmins, and Pitris. He is placed on the surface of burning copper, forty thousand miles in extent, and constantly heated by fire below and the sun above, and being tormented by hunger and thirst, undergoes untold misery.
There is a hell called Asipatravan. This is a forest full of leaves made out of sharp daggers. The Jiva is made to run through the forest and is hunted like a beast. He who goes against the Vedic Dharma, who embraces infidelistic religions is thrown here! O pitiable sight! indeed he runs this way and that way and has every part of his body torn up in those dreadful woods of sword. The Jiva cries out, “Ah! I am undone!” and falls down in agony.
Kings who inflict punishment on innocent men, or who inflict corporeal punishment to a Brahmin, fall into the hell called Sukara-Mukha. There every part of the body of the sinner is crushed like sugarcanes! He shrieks in distress but none helps him!
Those men who having a good position in society inflict pain upon other poor people fall into a hell called Andhakupa. The Jiva is tormented on all sides in darkness by varieties of terrible beasts, serpents, etc., and learns such lessons that will not allow him to do such sinful actions again.
Brahmins who do not perform their daily Yajnas, who do not share with others what they possess, are fit to be called crows, and fall into a hell where their food are worms. They are cast down into a vast ocean of worms where they begin to tease the Jiva from all sides.
Who robs a Brahmin or a poor man and thus causes him to suffer without reason, falls into a hell where he is severely pinched by burning iron tongs and hit by red hot iron balls.
Those men or women who abuse innocent poor servants, and coolies who are rather to be pitied and helped for their miserable condition, fall into a hell where they are severely thrashed and forced to embrace a burning image of iron like unto a man or woman. Those who abuse their marriage beds are given a similar punishment.
Whoever here approaches under the force of passion all kinds of beings, is placed in the Salmali Hell with adamantine thorns and is dragged through the region of hell.
Kings who transgress the limits of righteousness, and administrative employees who discard the law of justice fall into the river Vaitarani after their death. The Jivas are bitten by aquatic monsters but are not separated from their body and are on the other hand supported by their vital breaths to be ever alive to the consequences of their Karma. This river is flooded with refuse, urine, puss, blood, hair, nails, bones, marrow, flesh and fat.
Those men born of a higher caste who choose to be husbands of unchaste women belonging to a lower order of life and lead like brutes a life of shamelessness, fall after death into a pit of hell, a sea of pus, refuse, urine, phlegm and swallow the same most detestable things.
Those Brahmins and others who act like husbands of bitches and asses and find delight in chasing animals and killing them in violation of Sastra are after death made the target and pierced with the arrows of merciless beings.
Those men who mercilessly slaughter animals are born as animals in the Hell of slaughter house, and are dealt with in a similar manner.
Those sinful twice-born men who deluded by passion cause their wives born of the same blood (Gotra) drink their semen, are thrown into a sea of semen and made to drink it.
Those who set fire to others’ houses and administer poison to others or plunder villages and caravans–be they kings or kings’ employees–they fall after death into a hell where they are voraciously munched by seven hundred and twenty hounds, with their dreadful teeth.
Who utters falsehood in giving evidence or in making gifts, falls into a hell called Avichimat where there is no support to stand upon. There the Jiva is hurled headlong from the summit of peaks of mountains four hundred miles in height. In this hell even hard stony surface appears like water and thus the Jiva is made to delude himself ever more. Though his body is shattered to pieces he does not die, and he is repeatedly lifted up to the top and hurled down again and again.
If a Brahmin drinks wine or eats objectionable food, he is made to drink molten iron in the region of hell. Those who go against the prescribed rules of Varnashrama Dharma are given suitable punishments here.
Those men who praise themselves as great personages, but do not respect those who are really great by birth, honour and learning, are truly living corpses and after death are thrown headforemost into a hell of brinish mire to undergo endless torments.
Those who worship gods by offering human victims, are thrown into a hell where they are cut to slices and eaten by devils, but even then they do not die but only experience pain.
Those wicked people who torment their refugees–because they are under their control–are made after death to suffer from extreme hunger and thirst and are on every side assailed by sharp instruments, and are made to recollect their sins.
Those who are here cruel like snakes by nature and terrify other beings, fall, when they die, into a hell called Dandasuka, where snakes of five or seven hoods attack them and worry them to death even though they do not die.
Those who here imprison people in dark holes and dungeons are in turn after their death imprisoned in dark atmosphere filled with fire and smoke.
Those householders who get angry with guests and look at them with cruel eyes, as if they would burn them, are plucked out their eyes after death by vultures possessing bills hard like adamantine rock.
Source:- Divine Life Society website